To begin this report is of great importance to raise fundamental concepts in the study of the skills of the teaching profession, with reference to already established definitions for web pages and documents analyzed in class, due to its massive recurrence, become the source of collective knowledge, not always be this accurate in your information.
- One of the meanings of competence is found on the website of a massively contested "Wikipedia" that says: "A competency is the harmonious interaction of the skills, knowledge, values, motivations, personality traits and skills of each person to determine and predict the behavior that leads to achieving the results or objectives to achieve in the organization.
Within organizations, the skills are used for augmenting the capital human pursuit of the objectives of the position, area and organization, as well as developing human beings. "1
If we focus on this definition and connect with reality, we find several conflicts for its development in the first word that stop is the "skills" How do you get these? Is it in undergraduate education? Unfortunately not, usually the university cares more to deliver the theoretical, to comply with certain hours in the classroom before a teacher, and in instances and close to obtaining the title is given the opportunity of a professional practice field , which should start from the beginning of the pre-grade this would be very beneficial, since the student can be very good both in their field and in teaching classes that are submitted but time to face against a class that is unable to answer or account that is not really prepared or not ready for such work, either because they are not interested or able to interact with students coming from different socio-cultural class, socioeconomic status, beliefs, etc. All this must go hand in addition to the teachers who prepare these teachers (forgive the redundancy) to be prepared and updated also with regard to what students will face, not believing they should be structured in one way or much less than may make a class "ideal", but rather must be flexible when faced with different groups of trainees depending on their ages and diversities above. After alluding
definition to the word knowledge, here we find something very well stated in the Framework for good teaching, which raises the need for teachers this constantly updating their knowledge, because in today's new discoveries of various subjects than in large quantity that was discovered some time ago for several years. The foot stop to this, is that not all teachers are willing or interested in this, some older teachers not have to take the changes that are occurring because this will mean a greater effort twice. On the other hand unfortunately many young new graduates take the same attitude but not an issue of rejection but simply because they face social pressure decided to study at the university and opted for education (that due to the system of college in our country is devalued, as calls for a relatively low score on the University Selection Test) are not always willing to do so by calling.
Below is a table that corresponds to the scores of income in 2008 to a career in education.
Now, when we speak of values \u200b\u200bto values \u200b\u200b"we mean specifically? If we dedicate ourselves to name values \u200b\u200bwould be an infinite list, so our main interest is to name one that is fundamental and which underpin all the other "respect", as in a classroom will give different situations where the teacher as a person of authority in the classroom should know properly address them, the more conducive environment for the development of a class in a context of respect, that is, the teacher will want to be respected by his students and for this he should respect them (as no one can claim something that does not practice), for example, at present in children and adolescents is a stream called "urban tribes" which is divided into a wealth of different groups (Pokemon, emos, hair lais, otaku, etc.) different from each other by the music they hear, class, clothing (which most eccentric of all) and even a common language in these circumstances the teacher must learn to tolerate them and also according to the rules established in the establishment know impose rules and regulations and conduct, but not disqualifying the student in order The climate of the appropriate class, ie the teacher can also make your classes and students who do not belong to any "tribe" are not passed to bring nor interfered in its activities. Respect for the other also follows from justice, which a professor must be paramount, here's where the teacher should avoid prejudices about their students, also must be fair to the knowledge delivery, should be equal for everyone, not can think about more than others and focus only on those who claim fruit, but provide opportunities for all, must also be fair in their assessments and all knowledge judged themselves able to recognize when the problem is for him and not students, correcting properly.
The next concept we find in the definition of competition is the motivation, without this feature would not be possible to acquire new skills and, therefore, our progress as individuals would be limited.
Motivation is the basis of excellence, trying to meet the challenges and goals that we set, strive to try to be better every day, not to show the rest but by a self-satisfaction. But how can you motivate a teacher? It is clear that before (when the race was not conducted in the university) teaching was not valued by society, and although now a college situation has not changed enough for a person feel really minded proud to say: "I be a teacher. " The problem is how society values \u200b\u200ba profession, it is true that if we do a survey and asked what work is more important between dentist or a teacher, most would opt to name the first. Because we live in a consumer community, as the name says the most important thing is money, the professions are valued for the economic and not for what they really mean for the country. That is why people are not interested in their ideals, but just having a good financial move, are counted on the fingers of one hand those who defy the law of money and opt for self-fulfillment in what they really like, those are which we really motivated on the other side are those who join just to access the university system, they have the attitude of teaching, not all the features that accompany them, patience, dedication, time, and mainly vocation, the only way this can withstand the weight to be a teacher brings because it will be twenty-four hours a day, inside and outside the classroom. We believe the main reasons you may receive is to be appreciated for the contribution is for the community through recognition by the government.
Moreover, the vocation is what makes a teacher, as many of them could make much more money in other jobs, but the desire to help students is more rewarding than all the monetary aspect and why they choose this profession. Knowing that your student is an engineer, architect, lawyer, technician, or simply work makes you feel more and more proud of his choice of life. But we can leave aside the money, because they also have to maintain a household, and in this respect we must say that very little in proportion to the dedication that must have a teacher to do their work because their schedule does not end after 8 hours, but must review tests, papers, and all that is after school hours.
Last reason we refer to personality traits and skills of each person, this is what makes the difference between some teachers and others, the personality from an early age we're making it according to the place in which we live, perhaps we do our early years as passive actors, receiving what our parents or environment give us, but over the years are our own decisions that forge our character and personality. As for our skills are those things that for one reason or another is easier or we do not always going well in hand with the personality, for example, there are those who have an easier relationship with the students and this may be for its tolerance, joy, charisma, etc. This point is perhaps finally determines each of the aforementioned, because according to our determination, interests and abilities develop the various facets that will make us a competent person to become a teacher.
-GENERAL POWERS TEACHING PROFESSION.
In the previous section we defined the concept of competition, but what are necessary for a teacher is considered a "good teacher"?. The "attempt" to answer this question was made by the MOE (Ministry of Education) in the document entitled Framework for Good Teaching. We say "attempted" because these are only words and you can not see what actually happens in practice, where some problems may be the fault of the teacher, but others are directly by the low priority given to education in our country, because the authorities do not realize the only tool in order to become a developed country is a teacher.
To develop this point we will build on the framework already mentioned, the documentation required by the subject and found others on the web.
competencies to be developed by a teacher are:
Planning courses (known individual and group characteristics of their students, diagnose their training needs, designing the curriculum). To this we mean that the teacher should be organized, not getting to class and do not know what activities to perform on the day or not knowing what course is class. In all schools the situation occurs income students, as not all be at the same level to start the school year, which is why the teacher should make a grading period in which review the contents seen in the previous year that will relationship with those who will be in the current year. Furthermore, for this is that the teacher must make a guideline for what you teach during the year, so the times do not fit properly so happens that the period has not reached to pass a unit, since with this will delay the start of the next year.
addition the teacher must know the characteristics of students with which to start the teaching process, such must behave differently with children than with basic media. Young people go through difficult processes in their teens and have the same behavior in the classroom and when they are smaller.
-Designing teaching and learning strategies (preparing teaching strategies that include motivational activities, meaningful, collaborative, global and applicative and consider the use of New Technologies of Information and Communication ...).
The teacher should select the best way of teaching content that will be in classes, for example can not be passed just as algebra and geometry, the first one learns by doing exercises, and the second issue will be better understood if deal graphical tools (rules on boards, software, modeling clay, etc.).. Is crucial in this respect they start to use new technologies, since students today have less capacity for wonder than before. Some years ago the student took attention because it was written on the board with down and was easily removed, now this is a normal situation, which captures the attention now with electronic whiteboards, work in Power Point, Internet research, etc..
We must also note that not all students learn at the same pace and therefore it is important to find the most appropriate method to teach this group. A good learning is mutual and simultaneous, which applies for many years but no longer valid, since students are interacting with each other to strengthen their knowledge.
The teacher's responsibility is to look for other ways to teaching children to learn more quickly and effectively, this could be through experiments, must accommodate the constant changes so that they work in favor of as well as in teaching how to teach better.
But that is very encouraging despite the use of technology, there is an external factor which does not allow this feature to develop fully. The family and the circle surrounding the pupil, where unfortunately the teacher can not intervene, is one of the main barriers that keep developing the spirit of survival of a child, because if this is embedded in a social system in its context Life will only be raising money in the day to keep your family, remember that most of these clans the parent is not present in the development of their children, and is the largest offspring who must take on this role. So we find the best form of incentive, showing projections, visited universities, so they know what they can achieve by educating yourself and thereby ensure that your family can succeed.
-Find and develop resources and teaching materials (design and management of resources).
The teacher has to facilitate student learning, to which must have different elements, means or resources, which helps to make possible the work of cultural mediation. Such aid of educational materials is any natural or man-made object that produces a significant learning in students. Given that any material can be used in certain circumstances, as a resource to facilitate teaching and learning processes, for example, some stones can work the notions of major and minor with preschoolers. Memorization is a thing of the past.
often happens in schools (aided and municipal) there are very few support materials, ie, there is a slide projector, a map, a computer room, a data, etc. But this is due to lack of management and mismanagement of funds, we are concerned about infrastructure and we do not realize that what is going to school to study.
The MOP and MOE, they break into praise for the construction of new schools, but they do not have the materials to provide fitness education. The bottom line is the bottom, not the form. For all these teachers are disabled to use these devices because they always reserved by others and not enough for all courses. Even some teachers have chosen to buy and own their own data and your notebook in order to make a decent class, but we think this is wrong, which is the ministry which must provide these materials to school.
What should the teacher if we continue like this, is to organize from the beginning of the year the resources used in different units, so book in advance and be able to efficiently perform its class.
-Provide information and manage development while maintaining class order (to inform students of sources of information, objectives, content, methodology and evaluation of the subject that have been previously contrasted). To facilitate understanding of the basic contents.
is necessary so that students can understand the contents to be passed in a chronological order, because it will be much better learning, as they relate to units previously seen. Also crucial for the motivation, activities during the school year for students intending to pose challenges and goals to achieve them after completion period.
The test methodology should include all perspectives, self-evaluation, will evaluate and some made by the teacher. To serve as the analysis for all entities involved in the learning process.
"Engaging students (to encourage the public presentation of some work to do).
The teacher should be able to create a dynamic class, where he is not a speaker in front of a group of listeners, the typical kind of teacher writing on the board must end. The teacher must be competent to achieve interaction and participation of all students.
The classes common case:
"After careful analysis of the behavior of teachers and their students in classes of elementary and secondary education, the researchers found that there are only two types of classroom work, independent of location, age teachers and the conditions of establishment: one is the teacher explanations and questions from the board and the other students work and teacher guide stroll through the posts to deliver individual explanations. Neither of the two methods, depending on the observation of the videos, get motivate students. These are, on average, one question per hour of class time and often happens without anyone feeling curious about what is being taught ".2
All graduates of the school and spent some time for this cause we did not have a desire to study or near us to stay asleep in class, was more important to ask your partner had to week, or how it had happened at the party to pay attention to the teacher.
The following graphs also show that shows the result of class as named in the paragraph in italics.
Source: http://www.eduonline.ua.es/jornadas2008/comunicaciones/3P25.pdf?PHPSESSID=b1a5effd0935cacdac38f7e721c1cce3
addition to the lack of motivation student disorders cause him social skills, in the graph above, a total of 141 people, over 75% feel ashamed to participate in classes, then what should we do? The best alternative should be the model for a workshop class where students do not feel obligated to the teacher, but to share knowledge with their peers and have a mutual learning. Only then can the nexus of trust with their peers and may make a more interactive exhibitions, presentation of tasks, go to the whiteboard and more., Without fear of ridicule, important in the classroom environment is that students feel free to ask and resolve questions, present their work and research.
-Ser example of action and bearer of values \u200b\u200b
The teacher must create a good environment for the development of students. A good neighbor is accomplished young instilling values \u200b\u200bsuch as tolerance and respect that are essential for good interaction, especially in this age where teenagers so difficult to seek their identity, going through different styles and customs. That is why to prevent discrimination by some, the teacher must act as an authority and not to impose these values, but these are inherent to the person. One idea to achieve this would be a program of virtues: each month is designated one, such as honesty, the teacher should talk with their students (course advice) about this concept and proposed the challenge in that month everyone will try to be, after this time will be given more recognition to This attitude has permeated his conduct.
a subject of secondary education is guidance, which, as its name says is meant to be guided by "good way" to young people, but what counselors are doing is simply passing a sheet with endless questions (actually all say the same thing with different words in different order) to know how many hours studying, as we watch TV, how we recreate, etc. simply to: SABER, but not do anything to fix it, the most they do is call the attorneys to tell them that their son is studying enough, you do not have good performance, which results in these rebuke to their offspring, but what do they do? Nods to solve this and the next day and they forget. What really should we do if we want to be real teachers to inculcate habits that study is not an obligation but that students are willing to do so.
To achieve a positive attitude towards learning is necessary that the teacher has the competence to encourage students, so that they will propose their own goals according to the interest to learn. For example it will not be the same as a teacher who reaches the classroom and start writing on the blackboard, to one that you welcome their students, they say the contents to see in the day and you will these in daily life. The last thing the child will generate interest to know more investigate on their own, and not be seen only in class, attitude these days is not very common among middle school students, mainly because of lack of motivation.
-Evaluate (formative and summative assessment, promoting student self-assessment and educational interventions).
Evaluation is essential for verification of the powers must be adopted in a given period, this includes both the student and the teacher. Through training
see if the pupil has incorporated the skills that correspond to the subsector (specific knowledge and skills), and if this is not the case must do everything possible to help the teacher to improve this and try to repair it, either through reinforcement (class with teacher outside school hours) or a resource such as books, computer programs, etc., so that when the evaluation of the content is ready and able to overcome all the problems that arise in this test.
The summative, we consider most important, they allow the child disvalue not but make efforts to raise them when he received a note unwanted bring into play the power to overcome and the goals that the student intends to start the school year about the various objectives to be addressed in the school year.
This also deals with the educational intervention, it usually happens in some subjects, usually those that most "scary" children as physics, mathematics and chemistry, most of the course is not a good performance, but not always fault is in the students, but there is a competition that is being developed by the teacher (the different teaching methods) so that learning occurs in all students. For this evaluation are very important and should be present all the points that serve as analysis, to verify learning and if the result is not expected to have a critical need to be able to understand that failing to so develop, encourage creativity (look at other models of education) and achieve self-growth.
-service training (update knowledge and teaching skills, maintain contacts with colleagues and promote cooperation and exchanges ...).
professor have knowledge needed to teach, this is college, but what about those subjects that will be refined over time? Subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry, history, are always vulnerable to change, and therefore the teacher must have the interest to constantly renew and develop their skills and ultimately adapt to new technologies, which are causing more attention students. But what happens now? The MOE makes reinforcements, but not everyone can attend schools not approved by him workdays discounted and do not realize that in reality this is a good for community and not just for the teacher.
also the teacher should make contact with other colleagues to talk about past content in classes and to find a relationship between them, and that knowledge can not be understood if they are not related to prior knowledge or everyday life events , and also to talk about the situation of students who are at risk of repetition, have a family problem, etc..
-Contact with the environment (to know the reality of working to be accessed by students, maintain contact with the school environment).
We tend to think that the teacher is only an agent provides information but this should also be involved with the student's family background, because this can not work in classes, studying, without the support and companionship of these.
Since children are small the family should give habits, both research and conduct, and it is they who influence their lives as adults, but if the teen does not have these teachers must do everything possible to help, instruct, and help you study formulas.
addition the teacher must be competent to guide their students, guide them, and talk about the alternatives the working world they are faced, for these should be informed of the races they are necessities for the country, which are saturated, the most requested, etc.., so that the student has a wide range of alternatives for the way ahead. All this information is obtained by reading newspapers, educational journals, Web pages (as http://www.futurolaboral.cl/ ), visiting universities, including in the company of students, since teachers will get information about seminars ( such as engineering), open doors, take classes as a listener, etc.
On the other hand, if the student's lack of affection, the teacher must do everything possible to reverse it, should support the students, talking to him and his parents so that together we achieve a solution for the benefit of youth.
II. Mathematics teacher's competence.
Once established general competencies with which a teacher must have to perform for his students at the proper and responsible manner, conscious of the great task ahead, to train people with the necessary tools and if be more than necessary to deal with different situations, both business and personal. Now and future teachers of mathematics and computing we need not only for but rather to inform and go from doing a self analysis of the skills we acquire during our training, that way we acquire, either in our study of undergraduate and along our job performance training and further study.
-Knowledge.
is necessary for the teacher during his undergraduate study to learn more than necessary about mathematics, learn more than to reach a result really learn how it develops and because this suited to address a variety of problem ways and always with a proper foundation, it is also necessary that the teacher knows the origin of what is taught, both scientifically and historically, while the teacher has more knowledge, this reflects in students a confidence in himself and what he teaches, students receive a positive and l see the teacher as an entity of respect and wisdom. It is also necessary that the teacher is being updated constantly, maybe math is not so abundant content to be incorporated in relation to science itself, but every time we see different teaching methods, ones that are becoming obsolete and others who facilitate better understanding and application of this, for example former teachers to teach percentages calculation rules explained a simple "rule of three simple" as now taught under the Fundamental Theorem of proportions, which has more substance to the case, do not need a memory of this but rather an understanding that is what is encouraging in mathematics today.
- Methodology.
Methodology The word comes from the method that stands for "mode or way of doing something" is this sense has the connotation of "procedure." In this case the concern would be "How to Teach Math" in the current context to be understood "how to create learning situations that allow students to learn mathematics. It is necessary first of all create an interest in students, show them that what they study is not in vain and that can have much more connection with reality that they themselves believe, stop using the typical problems of Padrito went to buy fruit, but rather things that students used in their daily lives, such as problems related to Web pages famous TV series of the moment, or anything that they feel closest. They should also use various teaching resources according to class contended, do not fall into the routine so that the student almost guess what you are doing in class, but vary in their resources. Students for example are called more attention to the tangible and physically attractive, being able to use an abacus geometric figures, and delivery of information in an attractive manner when students are bigger you can use computer programs and those who can go to better understanding of mathematics (calibri, derive, etc.), here is where the advantage of Race in Mathematics and Computer Education, which connects the computer and various resources on this for a better understanding of mathematics.
-Curriculum
Know how to distinguish which content is appropriate to teach, according wings ages of the students, while being a member rather passive power through prior knowledge, interference and what is being taught today in math, perhaps a deficiency in mathematics is that taking the phrase minimum and comply only with the transmission of these. Unfortunately, very much underestimated the students "from smaller easier." Okay first thing is the basic content, but it is also true that the younger the child, the greater is the ability to incorporate Contents related receptions, during the first cycle of basic education does not go far enough. Maintained even in a single set of numbers, which works against students, because once they learned all about this, and suddenly they change all the rules incorporating New numbers instead of introducing írselos slowly. And also sometimes waste time or spend much time in a successive repetition of formulas and post listings of exercises, which could change, one good explanation and introduction of this new subject to what has been learned in previous units and so show the relationship and consistency in what you learn.
-Assessment.
The teacher must first stand out clearly what they want their students to learn and in turn discuss it with them. For this they should seek a fair and balanced display skills acquired by students in the subject, for example in the multiple-choice questions the teacher can measure how fast the student but at the time the caution, thinking the answer and not answer the first thing that pops into your mind, developed exercises serve to see a good application of the procedure rather than obtaining the same result and a word problem, measures the level of understanding and reasoning to a particular problem as to solve not only the application of a formula memorized, but it pose mathematically knowing what is said in words. CONCLUSION
Finally there are various definitions in regard to competencies in the teaching profession, which is why it may differ with the work of other colleagues with respect to this concept, and may also vary depending on the specialty in which they play the teacher. But if we see them as skills and abilities in this profession is where we really take them seriously, as it plays a fundamental role in the development of society, it is in education where they put all the hopes for a person may arise and not necessarily in what they present, but really what you want. Competencies are the concentration of all the needs and knowledge for the proper development of teaching. What mostly interests us are the powers of a Professor of Mathematics and it's like a pattern or guide that tells us where to go and with respect to them we say they are not being fully developed in the universities offering education in these moments, there is a deficit in terms of practices, leading to one is a professor of theory and practice when we all change. This can be solved and that the skills can be developed throughout life, are not unique and impartial within a person, it all depends on what is being proposed.
BIBILOGRAFIA
1. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competencia_ (comportamiento_organizacional)
2.
http://aulamagica.wordpress.com/2008/07/05/clases-de-matematicas-en-chile-predecibles-y-sin-participacion-de-los-alumnos/ http://www.eduonline.ua .es/jornadas2008/comunicaciones/3P25.pdf? PHPSESSID = b1a5effd0935cacdac38f7e721c1cce3
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